US and Ukraine Finalise Minerals Deal to Enhance Economic and Military Ties

by Team Confer · May 1, 2025

The United States and Ukraine have signed a strategic agreement granting the U.S. preferential access to Ukraine’s critical mineral resources, including rare earth elements, titanium, uranium, lithium, graphite, and manganese. This partnership aims to support Ukraine’s reconstruction efforts and secure future American military aid amid ongoing peace negotiations with Russia. The deal establishes a joint investment fund, with both nations contributing equally, and ensures Ukraine retains ownership of its subsoil resources without incurring debt obligations to the U.S.

Negotiations were lengthy and at times contentious, with the original signing delayed due to diplomatic tensions during President Volodymyr Zelensky’s earlier Washington visit. The agreement, signed by U.S. Treasury officials and Ukrainian Deputy Prime Minister Yulia Svyrydenko, symbolizes a forward-looking partnership focused on mutual investment rather than repayment for past military aid. Notably, future American military aid to Ukraine will count as part of the U.S.’s financial input into the fund. U.S. officials argue the deal not only enhances bilateral economic ties but also indirectly secures Ukraine by intertwining U.S. financial interests with the country’s stability.

Context & Background

Ukraine possesses significant reserves of critical minerals, including rare earth elements, lithium, titanium, and graphite, which are essential for various industries such as technology, energy, and defense. Despite these resources, Ukraine currently lacks operational rare earth mines, and much of its mineral wealth is located in areas affected by ongoing conflict with Russia. The new agreement with the U.S. aims to develop these resources to support Ukraine’s economic recovery and reduce reliance on Russian-controlled areas.

The deal establishes a jointly managed Reconstruction Investment Fund, with both nations contributing equally. Ukraine will allocate 50% of future revenues from state-owned natural resource assets to the fund, while the U.S. provides a long-term financial commitment to Ukraine’s economic stability. Importantly, the agreement does not include U.S. security guarantees or debt obligations for Ukraine, aligning with Ukraine’s constitutional and European Union accession goals.

Negotiations for this agreement were complex, with initial U.S. demands for significant revenue rights leading to tensions. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky rejected earlier proposals that he deemed unfavorable, emphasizing the need for equitable terms. The final agreement reflects a compromise, focusing on mutual investment and cooperation without imposing debt or compromising Ukraine’s sovereignty over its resources.

In This Story

United States Department of the Treasury

The U.S. Department of the Treasury is responsible for promoting economic prosperity and ensuring the financial security of the United States. It plays a key role in negotiating international economic agreements.

Government of Ukraine

The Government of Ukraine is the executive branch responsible for implementing laws and policies in Ukraine. It oversees the country’s economic development and international relations.

Volodymyr Zelensky

Volodymyr Zelensky is the President of Ukraine, serving since 2019. He has been a central figure in Ukraine’s efforts to secure international support and navigate the ongoing conflict with Russia.

Yulia Svyrydenko

Yulia Svyrydenko is the First Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Economy of Ukraine. She has been instrumental in negotiating economic agreements and promoting Ukraine’s economic interests on the international stage.

Scott Bessent

Scott Bessent is the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, overseeing the nation’s economic and financial matters, including international economic policy and negotiations.

Reconstruction Investment Fund

The Reconstruction Investment Fund is a jointly managed fund established by the U.S. and Ukraine to attract investments for the development and monetization of Ukraine’s natural resources, supporting the country’s economic recovery.

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